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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Strengthened Perovskite/SAM Heterointerface for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Cheng Peng1,2, Xiuhong Sun2, Bingqian Zhang2

  • 1College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers enhanced perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability by improving the perovskite/self-assembled monolayer (SAM) interface using thiol cross-linkers. This strategy significantly boosts mechanical integrity and long-term operational performance for efficient solar energy conversion.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy Technologies
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited by poor long-term mechanical stability at the perovskite/self-assembled monolayer (SAM) interface.
  • Interfacial issues stem from inadequate wettability and weak adhesion between SAMs and perovskite layers.
  • The Hard-Soft-Acid-Base (HSAB) theory suggests thiol groups (-SH) form strong bonds with metal ions, offering a potential solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement novel thiol cross-linkers for enhancing the mechanical stability and long-term performance of the perovskite/SAM interface in PSCs.
  • To investigate the bonding mechanisms and interfacial properties influenced by multithiol cross-linkers.
  • To evaluate the impact of the improved interface on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability of PSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and synthesized a series of thiol cross-linkers based on HSAB theory.
  • Utilized multithiol cross-linkers to form robust chemical bonds at the perovskite/SAM interface.
  • Characterized interfacial mechanical properties, including fracture load and degradation mitigation.
  • Fabricated and tested PSCs incorporating the optimized interface, assessing PCE and long-term stability under continuous operation and thermal stress.

Main Results:

  • Multithiol cross-linkers successfully formed chemical bonds with substrates and created favorable conditions for perovskite growth.
  • Trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMP) demonstrated superior performance, increasing heterointerface fracture load by 1.8-fold and reducing degradation.
  • TMP-treated PSCs achieved a certified PCE of 25.11% and maintained 97% of initial PCE after 1200 hours of operation.
  • Devices retained 90% of their PCE after 1600 hours at 85 °C, demonstrating exceptional operational stability.

Conclusions:

  • The mechanical integrity of the heterointerface is crucial for the long-term stability of PSCs.
  • Thiol cross-linkers, particularly TMP, offer a promising strategy to enhance interfacial bonding and mechanical robustness.
  • This approach significantly improves PSC operational lifetime and efficiency, paving the way for commercial viability.