Emergency department diagnosis and management of patients with syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection known as the "great imitator" due to its large variety of presentations, depending on the stage of the disease. Because of its prevalence and the possibility of severe outcomes, emergency clinicians must remain vigilant when evaluating patients, especially those in high-risk groups. Clinicians should be familiar with the treatment recommendations for the various stages of syphilis, including alternative regimens, when national drug shortages limit the availability of first-line treatments. This review discusses the various presentations, diagnostic options, and potential complications for syphilis, as well as current and emerging treatment recommendations.