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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory annual report, 2024.

Matthew Kaye1, Linda Hobday2, Leesa Bruggink2

  • 1National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Locked Bag 815, Carlton South VIC 3053. matthew.kaye@vidrl.org.au.

Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)
|December 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Australia maintains polio-free status through robust surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and enteroviruses in children. Wastewater surveillance detected a vaccine-derived poliovirus, highlighting ongoing global risks.

Keywords:
acute flaccid paralysisenteroviruseradicationpoliomyelitispoliovirussurveillancevaccination

More Related Videos

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
11:09

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay

Published on: September 11, 2016

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
12:32

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
11:09

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay

Published on: September 11, 2016

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
12:32

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Australia achieved polio-free status in 2000 but faces risks from global poliovirus circulation.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children to monitor for poliovirus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of Australia's surveillance systems for poliovirus and other enteroviruses in 2024.
  • To report on the incidence of AFP cases and the types of enteroviruses detected.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in children under 15.
  • Virological investigation of faecal specimens by the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory.
  • Enterovirus typing and wastewater surveillance to complement clinical data.

Main Results:

  • No poliomyelitis cases were reported from clinical surveillance in 2024.
  • Australia reported 2.04 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, meeting WHO criteria.
  • Non-polio enteroviruses were identified in 14 AFP cases, and an ambiguous vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was detected in wastewater.

Conclusions:

  • Australia's surveillance systems are sensitive in detecting non-polio enteroviruses and potential poliovirus threats.
  • Wastewater surveillance identified a vaccine-derived poliovirus, underscoring the need for continued vigilance.
  • Despite global eradication efforts, Australia remains vigilant against poliovirus importation.