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Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxides (SC-NMC) avoid cracking but require new strain analysis. Cobalt enhances SC-NMC longevity by reducing strain, while manganese worsens degradation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxides (SC-NMC) overcome cracking issues in polycrystalline NMC (PC-NMC) for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Conventional strain indicators like lattice volume change, effective for PC-NMC, are insufficient for SC-NMC optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct nanoscopic strain evolution in SC-NMC during battery operation.
  • To challenge existing composition-driven strategies and mechanical degradation indicators for SC-NMC.
  • To redefine the roles of cobalt and manganese in SC-NMC mechanical stability.

Main Methods:

  • Multiscale diagnostic techniques were employed to analyze strain evolution.
  • Particle-level chemomechanical analysis was performed.
  • The impact of cobalt and manganese on mechanical stability was investigated.

Main Results:

  • A decoupling between mechanical stability and lattice volume change was observed in SC-NMC.
  • Structural instability in SC-NMC is driven by multidimensional lattice distortions from reaction heterogeneity and phase deactivation.
  • Cobalt enhances SC-NMC longevity by mitigating localized strain, while manganese exacerbates mechanical degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Conventional metrics for PC-NMC are not suitable for SC-NMC.
  • Understanding nanoscopic strain evolution is crucial for SC-NMC design.
  • Cobalt and manganese play distinct and critical roles in SC-NMC mechanical stability and longevity.