Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research
Published on: July 31, 2017
A call to action: more parent-child interaction research within daily routines!
Martina Curtin1,2, Evelien Dirks3,4, Amy Szarkowski5
1Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Insights
Parent-child interaction (PCI) supports child development. Research on PCI in daily routines for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children aged 0-3 is limited, necessitating more studies.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Audiology
- Early Childhood Education
Background:
- Parent-child interaction (PCI) is crucial for child development.
- Existing research often focuses on play or book reading, neglecting daily routines.
- Hearing parents of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children highlighted the need for support during daily routines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize existing literature on PCI in daily routines for DHH children aged 0-3.
- To identify research gaps and provide a call to action for future studies in this area.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Search for academic papers assessing PCI in daily routine activities (care, hygiene, nutrition) at home.
- Focus on DHH children aged 0-3 years.
Main Results:
- Severely limited results were found, indicating a significant research gap.
- The review identified a lack of studies examining PCI within the daily routines of DHH infants and toddlers.
- This scarcity highlights the need for focused research in this specific context.
Conclusions:
- There is a critical need for more research on parent-child interaction during daily routines for DHH children aged 0-3.
- A 4-point call to action was proposed: examine PCI in daily routines, use video capture, recruit diverse participants, and report explicitly.
- Future research should prioritize understanding and supporting PCI in everyday activities for DHH children's developmental outcomes.
Abstract:
Parent-child interaction (PCI) is known to be a suportive predictor of child developmental outcomes. PCI is a 2-way, connected exchange where, particularly in infancy, the child is the agent of the interaction, initiating with eye gaze, action, emotion, and/or language, and the parent adapts their communication and interactional style in order to attune to and respond to their child. The research objectives of this study were informed by a group of hearing parents of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. Whereas much of the literature examining PCI involves observations of parents/caregivers interacting with their children during play or book reading, these parents noted that PCI happens throughout the day; therefore, guidance and support to promote PCI during daily routines (i.e., repeated routines in care, hygiene, and nutrition) would also be useful. A systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize all academic papers assessing PCI with DHH children aged 0-3 within daily routine activities at home (i.e., activities outside of play or book reading). Severely limited results led to a 4-point Call to Action for researchers in the field: (1) examine PCI in daily routines; (2) capture PCI using video; (3) recruit diverse participant groups; and (4) report explicitly.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Naturalistic Observations
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings
Observational Learning
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

