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Mind-Wandering in Adolescents With ADHD: A Comparative Study.

Hiroyuki Ogata1, Erina Nakane1, Chuichi Kondo1

  • 1Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya City, Japan.

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|December 17, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significantly more mind-wandering than their peers. This elevated mind-wandering appears to be an independent characteristic of ADHD in this age group.

Keywords:
ADHDadolescentclinical relevancemind-wanderingretrospective study

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Background:

  • Mind-wandering is a common experience, potentially more pronounced in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Understanding mind-wandering in ADHD is crucial for addressing attentional challenges in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of mind-wandering in adolescents with ADHD.
  • To determine the clinical relevance and independent contribution of ADHD to mind-wandering.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 440 psychiatric outpatients (ages 10-19), including 137 with ADHD and 303 without.
  • Mind-wandering assessed via the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ); statistical analyses included ANCOVA and hierarchical regression.
  • Controlled for age, sex, Autism-Spectrum Quotient, and depressive symptomatology; compared ADHD-only with ADHD + Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) groups.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with ADHD reported significantly higher MWQ scores than controls (p < .001, d = 0.92).
  • ADHD independently predicted mind-wandering scores (β = 0.320, p < .001) after covariate adjustment.
  • No significant difference in mind-wandering was found between ADHD-only and ADHD + ASD groups (p = .737).

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents with ADHD demonstrate significantly elevated mind-wandering.
  • This heightened mind-wandering appears to be a core attentional feature of ADHD, irrespective of comorbidities or demographics.
  • Further research is warranted to explore underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for mind-wandering in ADHD.