Knowledge and attitude of parents toward human papillomavirus infection and HPV vaccination in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

This study examined the knowledge and attitudes of parents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine. Recognizing the critical role of parental awareness in vaccine acceptance, the research aimed to assess current levels of understanding, identify demographic factors influencing knowledge, and explore attitudes toward HPV vaccination.

Using a convenience sampling technique, this quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and July 2023. The research engaged 330 participants among parents of both genders in Riyadh. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire adapted from a prior study in Saudi Arabia's western region. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., located in Cary, North Carolina, United States), encompassing frequencies, percentages, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression.

The demographic analysis revealed a predominantly female (95.5%), married (90.0%), and educated sample. Positive attitudes toward vaccination were prevalent, with 50.3% expressing willingness to vaccinate. However, over half of the participants (54.2%) lacked awareness about HPV, indicating a need for targeted educational interventions. Higher education levels correlated with better knowledge. Concerns about vaccine side effects were prevalent (29.4%), impacting willingness to vaccinate. Positive attitudes were associated with higher knowledge levels, with 68.5% of those with good knowledge expressing willingness to vaccinate.

This study revealed critical insights into parental knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV and vaccination in Riyadh. The findings emphasize the urgency of educational interventions to enhance awareness and address specific misconceptions. Tailored public health campaigns, considering diverse sources of information and demographic characteristics, are essential for improving vaccination rates and mitigating health risks associated with HPV.