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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

299
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
299
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

222
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
222
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

254
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
254

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Updated: May 6, 2026

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
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Gut bioengineered models to study host-microbiota-probiotics interactions.

Elise Delannoy1, Alexandre Grassart1, Catherine Daniel1

  • 1Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.

Microbiome Research Reports
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animal models are limited for studying gut microbe interactions. Gut-on-chip technologies offer a promising alternative to explore host-microbe dynamics and probiotic effects in humans.

Keywords:
Probioticsgutgut-on-chiphost-microbiota interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal tract is a key site for host-microbe interactions essential for mammalian homeostasis.
  • Probiotics can modulate gut microbiota and offer health benefits, but their mechanisms require further study.
  • Current animal models have limitations in translational relevance and raise ethical concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss alternative models for studying host-microbe interactions.
  • To explore the potential of gut-on-chip technologies in this field.
  • To characterize host-microbe and probiotic interactions at the tissue level.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current animal models (mice, non-rodent).
  • Introduction to microfluidic organ-on-chip technologies, specifically gut-on-chip models.
  • Discussion of monitoring microbial spatiotemporal dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Animal models provide a foundation but have translational and ethical limitations.
  • Gut-on-chip models maintain tissue complexity and inter-individual variability.
  • These advanced models can better characterize host-microbe and probiotic interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Gut-on-chip technologies represent a significant advancement for studying human gut-microbe interactions.
  • These models offer a more translatable and ethical approach compared to traditional animal models.
  • Further research using gut-on-chip systems will enhance our understanding of probiotic efficacy and gut homeostasis.