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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
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Avian Influenza annual report 2024.

, José Cortiñas Abrahantes, Inma Aznar

    EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
    |December 17, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Avian influenza surveillance in 2024 detected highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) mainly in poultry and wild birds, with H5N1 as a common subtype. This highlights the ongoing threat of zoonotic pathogens and the need for continued monitoring.

    Keywords:
    2024HPAILPAIavian influenza virushighly pathogeniclow pathogenicpoultry populationserologyvirologywild birds

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    Rapid Diagnosis of Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds: Use of a Portable rRT-PCR and Freeze-dried Reagents in the Field

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • One Health

    Background:

    • Avian influenza (AI) poses a significant zoonotic threat, necessitating robust surveillance.
    • Coordinated efforts under the Avian Influenza Data Collection (AIDC), One Health (OH) initiatives, and the SENTINEL project are crucial for monitoring AI.
    • Previous surveillance data informs risk-based strategies for early detection and control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize AI surveillance outcomes in 2024 across poultry, captive birds, wild birds, and mammals.
    • To assess the effectiveness of surveillance programs in detecting highly pathogenic (HPAIV) and low pathogenic influenza A viruses (LPAIV).
    • To enhance early warning capacities and understand the zoonotic potential of circulating influenza A viruses.

    Main Methods:

    • Risk-based surveillance encompassing poultry, captive birds, wild birds, and mammals in EU and non-EU countries.
    • Data collection through Avian Influenza Data Collection (AIDC), One Health (OH) initiatives, and the SENTINEL project.
    • Reporting of outbreaks via the Animal Disease Information System (ADIS).

    Main Results:

    • Over 276,621 records submitted across surveillance programs, with significant poultry population data also provided.
    • HPAIV (mainly H5N1) detected in 107 poultry establishments and LPAIV in 53; highest HPAIV activity in Q1.
    • Total outbreaks reported: 394 in EU poultry, 66 non-EU poultry, 90 in EU captive birds, 53 non-EU captive birds, and 910 in wild birds (EU and non-EU).
    • 1317 HPAIV detections in wild birds, primarily waterfowl; four HPAIV detections in mammals via AIDC, with additional positives in OH programme.

    Conclusions:

    • Surveillance activities in 2024 successfully detected HPAIV and LPAIV across various bird populations and mammals.
    • The data underscores the persistent circulation of HPAIV, particularly H5N1, and its presence in wild bird reservoirs.
    • Continued integrated surveillance is essential for early detection, risk assessment, and mitigation of avian influenza and its zoonotic implications.