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Related Concept Videos

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring01:23

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

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Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI01:21

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Instrumentation Amplifier01:25

Instrumentation Amplifier

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An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
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Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

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ECG-Capable Smartwatches Can Induce Magnet Mode in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.

Felix K Wegner1, Till Geisendörfer1, Julian Wolfes1

  • 1Department of Cardiology II - Electrophysiology University Hospital Muenster Muenster Germany.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Smartwatches can unintentionally activate magnet mode in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Placing the back of a smartwatch on the CIED site, especially when charging, increases this risk, while physical charging connectors appear safer.

Keywords:
Apple Watchdefibrillatormagnetpacemakersmartwatch

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiology
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Smartwatches are increasingly utilized for tachyarrhythmia screening and ECG recording.
  • Investigated potential mechanisms for smartwatch magnet-mode induction in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of smartwatches inducing magnet mode in CIED.
  • To identify factors influencing magnet mode induction by smartwatches.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen CIEDs (pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators) were implanted in porcine thoraxes.
  • Eight different smartwatches were tested in various configurations on subcutaneous and submuscular CIED locations.
  • Magnet mode induction was recorded using an interactive heart simulator.

Main Results:

  • Magnet mode induction occurred in <1% of measurements when smartwatch faces were on subcutaneous CIED.
  • Induction rose to 30% when smartwatch backs were placed on subcutaneous CIED.
  • Charging smartwatches induced magnet mode in 23% of measurements; submuscular CIED showed only 1% induction.
  • Smartwatches with physical charging connectors did not induce magnet mode.

Conclusions:

  • ECG-capable smartwatches pose a risk of magnet mode induction in CIED.
  • Patient awareness is crucial; avoid placing smartwatches near CIEDs.
  • CIED implantation depth and smartwatch charging mechanisms significantly impact induction risk.