Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

935
Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from...
935
The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

40.7K
While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
40.7K
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

1.1K
This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
1.1K
Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

3.0K
The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
3.0K
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

261
Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
261
Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

269
Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...
269

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A centrin-Sfi1 myoneme fishnet powers ultrafast calcium-triggered contraction in the giant ciliate <i>Spirostomum ambiguum</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Adaptive Tensor Train Metadynamics for High-Dimensional Free Energy Exploration.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

An underlying bistability sets amplitude and explains temperature compensation in the cyanobacterial circadian clock.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Markov State Models for Tracking Reaction Dynamics on Catalytic Nanoparticles.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Light-induced assembly and repeatable actuation in Ca<sup>2+</sup>-driven chemomechanical protein networks.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Actin network heterogeneity tunes activator-inhibitor dynamics at the cell cortex.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same journal

The Role of Functional Groups in Substituted Benzoic Acids Used as Dopants in Liquid Crystal Mixtures on the Nematic-Isotropic Transitions.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Hyperfine Coupling Quantifies Hole Delocalization in Triarylamine Radical Cations of D-χ-A Molecules.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

A Solvatochromic-Chemometric Framework to Resolve Subtle Polarity Microenvironment Differences in Cycloalkanes Driven by Molecular Conformation and Substituent Effects: A Proof-Of-Concept for Advanced Aviation Fuel Design.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Selective Effects of Backbone Cyclization and Disulfide Bonding as Global Covalent Constraints on the Conformational Ensemble of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Europium Coordination Structure in Peptide Complexes Resolved with Simulation and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Competitive Coordination and Structural Evolution of Phenylalanine-Mg<sup>2+</sup> Complexes in Microaqueous Environments: Insights from DFT and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K

An Exact Multiple-Time-Step Variational Formulation for the Committor and the Transition Rate.

Chatipat Lorpaiboon1, Jonathan Weare2, Aaron R Dinner1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method for estimating the committor probability and transition rate, crucial for understanding transitions between stable states. The improved approach reduces bias and enhances accuracy by using stopping times instead of lag times.

More Related Videos

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules
10:20

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.7K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules
10:20

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.7K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The committor probability is essential for analyzing transitions between stable states in dynamical systems.
  • Current estimation methods using lag time can introduce bias in practical applications.
  • Accurate estimation of transition rates is vital for understanding reaction mechanisms and kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel expression for estimating the committor and transition rate that is minimized by the exact committor at any lag time.
  • To reduce bias and improve the accuracy of committor and transition rate estimations.
  • To provide a more robust method for analyzing chemical dynamics and kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced an alternative expression for the committor and transition rate estimation.
  • Utilized stopping times (entry times into stable states) instead of lag times.
  • Performed numerical tests on benchmark systems to validate the new method.

Main Results:

  • The new expression is minimized by the exact committor at any lag time, unlike existing methods.
  • Committor and transition rate estimates showed significantly reduced sensitivity to the choice of lag time.
  • Combining results from two lag times further improved transition rate accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a less biased and more accurate estimation of committor probability and transition rates.
  • The use of stopping times provides a more reliable approach for analyzing complex dynamical systems.
  • The findings have implications for computational chemistry, chemical physics, and statistical mechanics.