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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Primary Production01:06

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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Changing dynamic phosphorus forms from field to stream during surface runoff events.

Rebecca M Kreiling1, Tanja N Williamson2, Faith A Fitzpatrick3

  • 1U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Agricultural runoff impacts water quality through phosphorus (P) transport. Dissolved P from fields can bind to suspended sediment (SS) in streams, reducing its bioavailability downstream.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Water Quality Science
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Agricultural runoff is a major source of nutrient pollution, impacting water bodies.
  • Phosphorus (P) exists in dissolved and particulate forms, influencing its environmental fate and bioavailability.
  • The transformation of P between forms during transport affects its impact on aquatic ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify phosphorus (P) forms and abundance in agricultural surface runoff and receiving stream water.
  • To compare P speciation and sorption to suspended sediment (SS) between field runoff and stream environments.
  • To understand how P bioavailability changes during transport from agricultural fields to streams.

Main Methods:

  • Collected surface runoff and stream water samples during five runoff events from March 2022 to June 2023 in the East River Basin, Wisconsin.
  • Analyzed P forms (dissolved and particulate) and abundance in collected samples.
  • Characterized suspended sediment (SS) particle size and P sorption capacity.

Main Results:

  • Surface runoff predominantly contained dissolved P, with particulate P sorbed to fine clay.
  • Stream water primarily contained particulate P sorbed to silt, despite fine clay being abundant.
  • P enrichment of SS increased during low-flow and smaller runoff events, indicating P sorption during transport.

Conclusions:

  • A shift in P form occurs from field runoff (dissolved) to stream water (particulate), indicating dissolved P sorption to SS.
  • This sorption process alters P bioavailability, potentially reducing the amount of bioavailable P exported downstream.
  • Understanding P dynamics in agricultural watersheds is crucial for managing water quality and mitigating eutrophication.