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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

637
Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
637
Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

4.1K
Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as...
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

619
Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
619
Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

777
Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
777
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

1.8K
Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

1.5K
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
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A Method for Oscillation-Free Dynamic IR Compensation During Potentiostatic Electrolyses.

Nandu Ashtaman-Pillai Syamaladevi1,2, Alain Rieder1,2, Abhijit Dutta1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Small Methods
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a simple method for 100% dynamic IR compensation in potentiostatic electrolysis. This technique accurately measures electrocatalyst performance by maintaining a constant effective electrode potential, even under high current conditions.

Keywords:
dynamic IR compensationhigh frequency impedance monitoringnitrate electroreductionthermal effects

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Area of Science:

  • Electrocatalysis
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Potentiostatic electrolysis is crucial for evaluating electrocatalysts in reactions like hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction.
  • Uncompensated solution resistance (IR drop) hinders accurate catalyst activity comparison, especially with dynamic resistance changes during high-current experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a straightforward method for achieving 100% dynamic IR compensation in potentiostatic electrolysis.
  • To enable accurate and reliable long-term performance evaluation of electrocatalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized commercially available Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT potentiostats.
  • Implemented continuous monitoring of high-frequency resistance and direct current.
  • Employed adaptive digital setpoint adjustment to maintain a constant effective electrode potential.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated 100% dynamic IR compensation.
  • Achieved stable operation without oscillations during high-current density nitrate-to-ammonia reduction.
  • Successfully managed system instabilities caused by thermal effects and resistance decrease.

Conclusions:

  • The presented method provides accurate electrocatalyst performance data by overcoming IR drop limitations.
  • The technique is robust and applicable to challenging electrochemical systems, including those with dynamic resistance.
  • Free software and code are provided to facilitate widespread adoption in the electrocatalysis community.