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Parenting Practices in Families of Children With Comorbid ADHD and Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review and
Isabelle Denis1,2,3, Laurie Côté1, Stéphane Turcotte2
1School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
Background:
Comorbid anxiety disorders affect up to 28% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While coercive parenting is often linked to ADHD and overprotectiveness to anxiety disorders (ADs), little is known about parenting practices in children with both disorders (ADHD+ADs). This systematic review and meta-analysis examined parenting practices in children aged 5-12 years with ADHD+ADs.
Methods:
Studies were identified through PsycINFO (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception date to January 23, 2025. Of the 1838 records screened, four studies were included in the review, and three were included in the meta-analysis.
Results:
Compared to parents of children with ADHD alone, those of children with ADHD+ADs reported greater use of anxiety-related parenting practices (k = 3, g = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.53, p = 0.002) and fewer positive parenting practices (k = 3, g = -0.35, 95% CI = -0.55, -0.14, p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in ADHD-related parenting practices (k = 2, g = 0.27, 95% CI = -0.16, 0.70, p = 0.26).
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that families of children with ADHD+ADs may be characterized by increased anxiety-related parenting practices and reduced positive parenting compared to families of children with ADHD alone. Further research is needed to inform the development of targeted interventions.
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