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Insights into LysM proteins of medically important yeasts

José A Oguiza1

  • 1Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.

Medical Mycology
|December 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

LysM proteins are found in many fungi, including human pathogens. Their presence in yeasts is linked more to fungal lifestyle than host, with unique forms in Malassezia species.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Fungal Pathogenesis
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • LysM proteins are crucial in fungi, with roles in diverse lifestyles, including pathogenesis.
  • These proteins are present in various yeasts, some of medical importance.
  • Previous studies identified LysM proteins in specific ascomycete yeasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize LysM proteins in medically important yeasts.
  • To investigate the distribution and conservation of LysM effectors across different fungal groups.
  • To determine factors influencing LysM protein repertoire in yeasts.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of fungal genomes.
  • Comparative genomics of LysM protein distribution.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of LysM effectors.

Main Results:

  • LysM proteins are widespread in fungi, including human and animal pathogens.
  • Only four ascomycete yeasts (Candida subhashii, C. tropicalis, Debaryomyces fabryi, D. hansenii) were found to have LysM proteins.
  • Basidiomycete yeasts predominantly possess LysM effectors but lack chitinases, with a conserved unique LysM effector in Malassezia species.

Conclusions:

  • The presence and type of LysM proteins in medically relevant yeasts are primarily dictated by their intrinsic fungal lifestyle.
  • Fungal lifestyle, rather than host association, appears to be the main driver for LysM protein diversity.
  • Specific LysM effectors are conserved in lipid-dependent yeasts like Malassezia, suggesting specialized roles.
Keywords:
LysMchitinaseeffectorfungal lifestylemammalian pathogenyeast

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