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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

358
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
358
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

313
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
313
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:28

Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

279
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
279
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

242
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
242
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

337
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
337
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

362
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
362

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

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Myocardial Dysfunction in Primary Mitral Regurgitation: A Review.

Vidhu Anand1, Robert O Bonow2,3, Rick A Nishimura1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

JAMA Cardiology
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR) requires timely intervention. Current guidelines may delay surgery, risking survival; novel markers are needed to optimize timing for better outcomes.

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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Primary mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common valvular heart disease.
  • Current guidelines recommend intervention for severe MR with symptoms, LV enlargement, or dysfunction.
  • A survival penalty may exist when delaying surgery for guideline indications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel markers for optimizing surgical timing in primary MR.
  • To refine current guidelines for improved patient outcomes.
  • To investigate the role of emerging parameters in surgical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography for MR severity assessment.
  • Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as a complementary tool.
  • Evaluation of LV size, function, and serial changes.
  • Consideration of new-onset atrial fibrillation, LA enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, and exercise-induced LV dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive assessment of MR severity is critical.
  • LV size and function are crucial for surgical timing.
  • Novel markers like global longitudinal strain and biomarkers show potential.
  • Emerging parameters require further investigation for validation.

Conclusions:

  • A refined approach is needed for optimal surgical timing in primary MR.
  • Incorporating extravalvular injury and novel markers is essential.
  • Further research will validate emerging parameters and refine guidelines.
  • Optimizing surgical timing can improve patient outcomes.