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Microbubble-induced erosion releases micro- and nanoplastics into water
Dunzhu Li1,2,3, Varvara Bolikava2,4, Yunhong Shi3
1Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China.
Science Advances
|December 17, 2025
Summary
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are released from plastic surfaces by microbubbles. This low-energy process occurs spontaneously in various water types and temperatures, contributing to aquatic pollution.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Materials Science
- Chemistry
Background:
- Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are widespread aquatic pollutants.
- Current MNP generation mechanisms (abrasion, UV) require high energy.
- The role of aquatic factors like air bubbles in MNP formation is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of microbubbles in MNP generation.
- To understand the mechanism of microbubble-induced plastic erosion.
- To identify a low-energy pathway for MNP release.
Main Methods:
- Observed microbubble formation on seven common plastics.
- Tested various temperatures (25-95°C) and water types (deionized, tap, river, marine).
- Analyzed microbubble-induced surface erosion and MNP release using microscopy and surface analysis.
Main Results:
- Microbubbles spontaneously form on plastics across tested conditions.
- Microbubble nucleation, expansion, and movement generate shear stress, eroding plastic surfaces.
- This process forms polymer rings that fragment into MNPs, releasing them into the water.
Conclusions:
- Microbubble-induced erosion is a significant, low-energy pathway for MNP generation in aquatic environments.
- This mechanism contributes to the pervasive presence of MNPs.
- Understanding this process is crucial for mitigating plastic pollution.
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