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Scalable Stamp Printing and Fabrication of Hemiwicking Surfaces
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Wicking in Paper-Based Devices with Engineered Surface Grooves.

Bhargav Rallabandi1, Sidharth Modha2, Brent Kalish1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered grooves enhance fluid wicking in paper microfluidic devices by creating low-resistance pathways. A new model predicts fluid imbibition, considering groove wettability and gravity, and identifies optimal groove dimensions for improved performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Paper-based microfluidic devices are widely used for diagnostics.
  • Fluid wicking in these devices is crucial for their function.
  • Macroscopic grooves can enhance fluid transport but require quantitative modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative model for fluid wicking in paper microfluidic devices with engineered grooves.
  • To understand the interplay between groove geometry, wettability, and gravity on wicking enhancement.
  • To generalize the Lucas-Washburn law for grooved paper wicks.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a quantitative model resolving coupled flow in paper matrix and grooves.
  • Analytical prediction of imbibed length as a function of time.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental data for upward wicking.

Main Results:

  • Grooves enhance wicking by providing low-resistance flow paths.
  • Wicking enhancement is significantly influenced by groove wettability and gravity.
  • The generalized Lucas-Washburn law accurately predicts imbibed length.
  • Identified optimal groove widths, as wider grooves can impede flow.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model quantitatively predicts wicking in grooved paper.
  • Groove wettability and gravity are critical factors in wicking enhancement.
  • The study provides insights for optimizing paper-based microfluidic device design.