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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
Published on: July 29, 2020
Relationship Between Breakfast Skipping and Body Composition, Nutritional Status or Chronotype in Female University
K Seike1, K Oshita, Y Ishihara
1Department of Sport Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, Japan.
Skipping breakfast is linked to higher body fat and lower muscle mass in normal-weight female students. This habit also correlates with evening chronotypes, suggesting breakfast consumption and lifestyle interventions are key to preventing normal weight-obesity (NW-O).
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Human Physiology
- Chronobiology
Background:
- Normal weight-obesity (NW-O) is a body composition concern in female university students.
- The association between breakfast skipping and NW-O in this demographic is not well understood.
- Understanding this link is crucial for developing targeted health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between breakfast skipping and body composition (body fat, fat-free mass, appendicular muscle mass) in normal-weight female university students.
- To examine the association with nutritional status, chronotype, and physical activity levels.
- To identify potential preventative strategies for NW-O.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 200 Japanese female university students, divided into breakfast skippers (SKIP) and daily breakfast eaters (TAKE).
- Comparison of body composition (%BF, FFM, AMM), chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; MEQ), dietary intake, and physical activity level (PAL).
- Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess associations.
Main Results:
- The SKIP group exhibited significantly higher body fat (%BF) and lower fat-free mass (FFM) compared to the TAKE group.
- While total energy intake was similar, the SKIP group had a higher percentage of fat intake.
- The SKIP group showed a significantly lower MEQ score, indicating a tendency towards evening chronotype.
Conclusions:
- Breakfast skipping is associated with adverse body composition, including higher body fat and lower muscle mass, in normal-weight female students.
- Breakfast consumption frequency and chronotype are significant factors related to body composition.
- Interventions promoting regular breakfast consumption and addressing chronotype-specific lifestyles may help prevent NW-O.
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