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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
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Indole sensing in host, microbiota, and pathogen interactions.

Mehmet Ali Hoskan1, Vanessa Sperandio1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|December 17, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indole, a gut metabolite, acts as a crucial signal for both mammals and microbes. Understanding indole signaling pathways can lead to new dietary and therapeutic strategies for gut health.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Host-Microbe Interactions

Background:

  • Indole is a prevalent metabolite in the mammalian gut, produced by bacteria via the tryptophanase enzyme.
  • Both mammals and various microorganisms possess mechanisms to sense and respond to indole.
  • Indole acts as a signaling molecule, influencing the gut environment and mediating communication between organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of indole signaling across different species and kingdoms.
  • To highlight the diverse roles of indole in both host organisms and microbial communities.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding indole signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on indole.
  • Analysis of indole's role in host physiology and microbial behavior.
  • Synthesis of information on indole sensing and production mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Indole influences host functions such as intestinal barrier integrity, brain signaling, and aging processes.
  • In microorganisms, indole modulates phenotypes including biofilm formation and pathogen virulence.
  • Indole sensing is not restricted to indole-producing organisms, indicating broader ecological roles.

Conclusions:

  • Indole is a key signaling molecule with multifaceted effects at the host-microbiota-pathogen interface.
  • Further research into indole signaling pathways is essential for developing novel therapeutic and dietary interventions.
  • Understanding indole's integrated activity can unlock new approaches for managing gut health and disease.