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Advanced fiber optic SPR lactate biosensing platform: Based on RI variation, enzymatic functionalization, and
Mingshi Song1, Xili Jing1, Zhiyong Yin1
1State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|December 17, 2025
Summary
This study presents novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors for precise lactate detection. SPR-3 demonstrates superior sensitivity for ultra-low lactate concentrations, crucial for disease diagnosis and metabolic monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biosensing Technology
Background:
- Sensitive and selective lactate quantification at nanomolar to micromolar levels is a critical challenge in precision medicine and biosensing.
- Existing methods face limitations in detecting ultra-low lactate concentrations, hindering applications in disease diagnosis and metabolic monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and compare three novel SPR-based biosensors for lactate detection across a wide concentration range.
- To enhance sensitivity and selectivity for ultra-low lactate detection using enzyme-pH feedback mechanisms and layer-by-layer self-assembly.
Main Methods:
- Development of three SPR probes: SPR-1 (refractive index variation), SPR-2 (lactate dehydrogenase modification), and SPR-3 (multi-layer enzyme self-assembly pH responsive mechanism).
- Comparative analysis of sensing performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits.
- Integration of enzyme-pH feedback and layer-by-layer self-assembly in SPR-3 for enhanced performance.
Main Results:
- SPR-2 achieved millimolar (mM) level detection with a sensitivity of 1.11 nm/mM and demonstrated targeted selectivity.
- SPR-3 exhibited significantly enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, achieving a sensitivity of 14.455 nm/mM for ultra-low lactate concentrations (218.86 times higher than SPR-1).
- SPR-3 improved the detection limit by three orders of magnitude compared to conventional designs, with tunable sensitivities between 11.678 nm/mM and 16.122 nm/mM.
Conclusions:
- The developed SPR-based biosensors, particularly SPR-3, offer a promising solution for sensitive and selective lactate quantification.
- SPR-3's ability to detect ultra-low lactate concentrations opens new avenues for disease diagnosis, metabolic monitoring, and personalized medicine.
- The multi-layer enzyme self-assembly pH responsive mechanism represents a significant advancement in biosensor design for challenging analytes.
