One-pot integration of functional molecules into polyphenol-peptide supramolecular self-assembly coatings with diverse and customizable functionalities

The customizability of coating functionalities is essential for the diverse applications of modern medical devices. Supramolecular self-assembled (SSA) coatings provide distinct advantages over traditional chemically modified coatings but are often hindered by challenges in functionalization. Here, we present a novel, simple, and effective strategy for functionalizing SSA coatings composed of hexameric arginine (Arg6) and tannic acid (TA) through the incorporation of functional molecules. By exploiting the abundant phenolic hydroxyl interactions in TA, various functional molecules are employed and seamlessly integrated into Arg6-TA SSA coatings via a one-pot method, yielding highly customizable functionalities, including antifouling (via hydrogen bonding with PEG), enhanced cell adhesion (via π-π stacking with cRGD), improved bone differentiation (via coordination to Sr^2 + ion), and antimicrobial activity (via electrostatic interactions with TOB). The underlying interaction mechanisms were thoroughly investigated, and the functional properties and stability of the coatings were validated. This approach provides a promising pathway for expanding the application of SSA coatings and advancing functionalization techniques.