Valvular Heart Disease Associations With Cardiac Biomarkers Using AI-Guided Echocardiography: The RURAL Cohort Study

Few studies have evaluated the prevalence or severity of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and other valvular heart disease (VHD) in the rural U.S. South, where strategies for early detection are crucial for risk stratification and prevention.

We assessed the prevalence of MVP and other VHD in a rural U.S. South cohort and examined associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We also evaluated associations between MVP severity, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis from the Risk Underlying Rural Areas Longitudinal study. Logistic regression assessed associations between participant characteristics and MVP, other VHD, or either. Weighted models assessed odds for MVP and other VHD by 10-year CVD risk categories using the Predicting Risk of CVD Events (PREVENT) score. Among a subset, we evaluated associations between MVP severity and cardiac biomarkers.

Among 2,621 participants (68.7% women), MVP and other VHD were present in 1.9% and 11.2%, respectively. Compared to the low PREVENT risk group, odds of MVP were lower and odds of VHD were higher among borderline and intermediate/high groups. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T was lower in MVP vs non-MVP (0.64; 95% CI: 0.58-0.71), without difference by severity of MVP. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was higher in participants with severe MVP than non-MVP (2.03; 95% CI: 1.49-2.78).

MVP prevalence aligned with population-based epidemiologic studies. PREVENT risk category may identify individuals at higher risk for MVP and for other VHD. Future studies are needed to evaluate relationships between MVP/VHD status and clinical events.