Whole-transcriptome analysis of TCM effects on growth and immune regulation in Pelodiscus sinensis via coding and...

Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) into Pelodiscus sinensis aquaculture offers a promising alternative to conventional treatments. Through whole-transcriptome analysis, this study investigated the effects of TCMs on growth and immune regulation, uncovering a complex interplay between coding and non-coding RNAs. We identified three key subsets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs): SpTG1 (low-dose-specific DEGs), SpTG2 (high-dose-specific DEGs), and TG1_TG2 (DEGs common to both low and high doses). These DEG subsets were significantly enriched in pathways pivotal for growth, metabolism, and immunity, such as the PI3K-Akt, TNF, and AMPK signaling pathways. Our findings clarify roles of miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs in mediating TCM responses, with their potential interactions in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks suggesting novel regulatory targets. These results position TCMs as sustainable and eco-friendly feed additives. Further research into the specific mechanisms identified here could enable the development of targeted strategies to boost P. sinensis fitness and yield.