3,3'-Diindolylmethane ameliorate obesity-related skeletal muscle atrophy via regulating mitochondrial function

Skeletal muscle is the primary storage and metabolic site for amino acids and proteins in the body, and its mass and function are affected by various pathological factors. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its active metabolite 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) have bioactivities such as inhibiting fat formation, but it is unclear whether they can affect skeletal muscle atrophy in obesity by improving mitochondrial function. Our research found that high-fat factors can induce obesity-related skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by decreased muscle mass and function, reduced mitochondrial number, and impaired function in muscle cells. DIM can improve obesity-related skeletal muscle atrophy caused by a high-fat diet, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway protein expression and improved mitochondrial function in muscle cells.