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Updated: Jan 8, 2026
Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
Published on: January 7, 2019
Phosphorylated lignin: Recent advances in synthesis through chemical functionalization, structural properties, and
Hafida Maarir1, Abdelghani Boussetta2, Hassan Charii3
1Chemical Processes and Applied Materials Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 592, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
Abstract:
Lignin is the second most abundant renewable source of carbon on earth after cellulose. Large quantities of lignin are generated annually as by-products from pulp mills and biorefinery, motivating extensive efforts toward its valorization and sustainable reuse. Although lignin has been investigated for the production of bio-based materials, chemicals, and advanced biofuels, its low reactivity, structural complexity, and heterogeneity continue to restrict its broader industrial applications. To overcome these limitations, various chemical modification tactics have been developed. Recently, phosphorylation has emerged as a particularly promising method, offering the possibility of introducing phosphorous functional groups that improve thermal stability, increase fire resistance, enhance metal complexation capacity, and promote lignin's compatibility in polymer matrices. This research provides a detailed analysis of recent developments in the chemical modification of lignin by phosphorylation, highlighting advances in synthesis methods, reaction mechanisms, and structure-property relationships. It also explores the multifunctional characteristics of phosphorylated lignin and its potential applications in fire-resistant materials, adsorbents, catalysts, and sustainable composites. Finally, the review discusses contemporary issues and future prospects, highlighting the crucial importance of phosphorylated lignin as a versatile platform for the development of next-generation bio-based materials.
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