Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

2.8K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
2.8K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

4.4K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
4.4K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

65.3K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
65.3K
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

4.1K
The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
4.1K
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

1.6K
Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
1.6K
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers01:22

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers

1.3K
α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hypercortisolism: Causes, Consequences and Clinical Significance - A Review of Pathophysiology.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Disparities in liver-related care among transgender adults with steatotic liver disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Updates on Minimally Invasive Treatment of Adrenal Tumors.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Uncovering Gaps in Obesity Medicine Competencies: Insights from Ten U.S. Medical Schools.

Medical science educator·2026
Same author

Desmoid Tumor of the Porta Hepatis: A Rare Location With Unusual Clinical Presentation.

Case reports in hepatology·2026
Same author

Advances in Adrenal Surgery: An Update.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.1K

Steroid replacement after adrenalectomy for mild autonomous cortisol secretion: Clinical predictors and a practical

Arturan Ibrahimli1, Edip Memisoglu1, Rafael Perez-Soto1

  • 1Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.

Surgery
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new algorithm safely identified patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion who require postoperative steroid replacement after adrenalectomy. This approach reduced steroid use to 23% in the studied cohort.

More Related Videos

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

8.5K
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.1K
Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

8.5K
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.4K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) affects up to 50% of patients with adrenal nodules.
  • Postoperative steroid replacement guidelines for MACS after adrenalectomy remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of postoperative steroid replacement in patients with MACS undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy.
  • To identify clinical predictors for steroid replacement in these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 139 patients with MACS undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy (2000-2024).
  • MACS defined as serum cortisol >1.8 μg/dL post-low-dose dexamethasone suppression without Cushing syndrome.
  • Steroid replacement decisions based on postoperative cortisol levels, ACTH stimulation tests, and clinical signs of adrenal insufficiency.

Main Results:

  • Only 23% of patients required postoperative steroid replacement.
  • Independent predictors for steroid replacement included low preoperative plasma ACTH (<7.0 pg/mL) and high LDDST cortisol (>4.2 μg/dL).
  • No evidence of adrenal insufficiency during a median 15-month follow-up; steroids weaned within a median of 78 days.

Conclusions:

  • A safe algorithm for postoperative steroid management in MACS patients was established.
  • This algorithm significantly reduced the need for steroid replacement compared to previous reports.
  • This is the largest study to date on postoperative steroid management in MACS.