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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

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The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
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Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Learning Modern Laryngeal Surgery in a Dissection Laboratory
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The Guarded Larynx.

Stephen R King1, Jenevora Williams2

  • 1The Voice Care Centre North Devon, Tower House, The Strand, Bideford EX39 2ND, UK.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laryngeal guarding, an unconscious protective response, can hinder voice rehabilitation and efficient vocal behaviors. Understanding this phenomenon is key for therapists and educators to help individuals overcome vocal limitations.

Keywords:
BiopsychosocialGuardingMuscle tension dysphoniaPsychogenic voiceVoice rehabilitationVoice therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Vocal Health
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Laryngeal guarding lacks a clear clinical definition.
  • It may represent an unconscious block in voice rehabilitation.
  • It limits efficient singing and speaking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define laryngeal guarding.
  • To examine its role in voice disorders.
  • To explore its connection to unconscious protective strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Integration of findings from pain science, fear-avoidance, psychoanalysis, and functional voice disorders.
  • Theoretical exploration of physiological and psychological underpinnings.

Main Results:

  • Laryngeal guarding exists on a continuum from reflexive to learned behaviors.
  • Persistent functional dysphonia may stem from unconscious protective strategies.
  • Anticipatory anxiety, trauma, and hypervigilance can cause maladaptive laryngeal co-contraction.
  • The larynx may shift to a defensive, sympathetic-dominant state.

Conclusions:

  • Laryngeal guarding is a maladaptive sustained contraction, not just a loss of parasympathetic function.
  • Therapists and educators can identify and address laryngeal guarding.
  • Moving beyond guarding is crucial for voice rehabilitation and optimal vocal function.