Integrating CAD, BIM, immersive technology, and 3D Gaussian Splatting for construction model coordination with ISO...

Traditional construction project management approaches suffer from technical isolation and process deficiencies, particularly in whole-life-cycle model coordination. This paper addresses how to develop a comprehensive management framework that optimizes model coordination through technology integration. This multi-technology integration framework combines CAD drawings, Building Information Modeling (BIM), immersive technology, and 3D Gaussian Splatting scanning while implementing ISO 19650 standards for information management. A hospital project case study was used and validated featuring complex structural and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) coordination scenarios. This empirical study demonstrated an approximate 22%-35% reduction in pipeline dismantling rates, 40% shorter review cycles for complex nodes, and significantly improved construction quality verification accuracy. These outcomes highlight how technological synergies can overcome traditional management limitations and establish a robust foundation for future engineering projects. Future research should validate the framework across diverse project types, explore additional integrated technologies, and conduct long-term impact assessments during operation phases.