Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026
Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergström Technique
Published on: September 10, 2014
Effect of Exercise-Induced Hormonal Changes on Skeletal Muscle Physiology
1Department of Physical Education, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China.
Background:
The purpose of the study was to determine changes in anabolic and catabolic hormone levels in response to various training regimens and to analyse their effect on skeletal muscle adaptation mechanisms through experimental measurement of physiological changes.
Design:
The study used laboratory biochemical assays to assess anabolic and catabolic hormone levels, clinical observation to measure physiological changes (muscle mass, strength, endurance), and statistical methods (ANOVA, t-tests, correlation analysis) to assess group differences.
Methods And Measurements:
The study conducted an experimental analysis of hormonal changes in response to various types of physical activity, in particular, strength training, HIIT, and aerobic exercise.
Results:
It was found that strength training contributed to the greatest increase in the level of anabolic hormones, which correlated with an increase in muscle mass (+12%) and strength (+35%), while HIIT provided a balanced improvement in strength indicators and endurance. Aerobic exercise caused minor changes in anabolic hormone levels but a significant increase in VO₂max (+30%) with an increase in cortisol (+5%). Changes in the levels of myokines were also found; in particular, irisin and osteocalcin, which play an important role in metabolic adaptation. The anabolic response was more pronounced in the younger participants (18-35 years), while in the older groups (36-50 and 51-60 years), the increase in muscle mass was less significant.
Conclusions:
The identified patterns are important for sports medicine, endocrinology, and rehabilitation, in particular, for maintaining muscle mass and correcting hormonal changes in different age groups.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
01:22Target Cell Response to Hormones
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
01:27Major Hormones and Their Functions
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
01:19Regulation of Metabolism