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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Inducing Targeted Mild Hyperthermia in Murine Tumor Models through Photothermal Conversion of Near-infrared Light by Intratumoral Gold Nanorods
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RGD-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Loaded with SAHA Remodel the Hypoxic Inflammatory Microenvironment via Inhibiting

Junqi Lin1, Xiaoming Huang1, Xizhen Wang1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518109, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of Nanomedicine
|December 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed RGD peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles loaded with SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) to enhance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiosensitivity. The RGD-AuNPs-SAHA effectively reduced tumor growth and improved therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
RGD peptidegold nanoparticleshypoxic microenvironmentnon-small cell lung cancerradiosensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
  • Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment promotes radioresistance and metastasis.
  • Targeted drug delivery systems are crucial for improving cancer therapy efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize RGD peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) loaded with SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid).
  • To evaluate the potential of RGD-AuNPs-SAHA as a radiosensitizer for NSCLC by targeting hypoxia.
  • To assess the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of RGD-AuNPs-SAHA via citrate reduction and thiol-gold bonding.
  • Characterization using DLS, TEM, UV-Vis, HPLC, FTIR, TGA, and XPS.
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cellular uptake, biodistribution, drug release, tumor volume, cytokine profiling, oxidative stress markers, and molecular analyses (IHC, IF, Western blot, RT-PCR).
  • Assessment of DNA damage and apoptosis using TUNEL and γ-H2AX staining.

Main Results:

  • RGD-AuNPs-SAHA demonstrated uniform size (~20 nm) with high SAHA encapsulation (85.2%) and pH-responsive release.
  • In vivo studies showed a 60% reduction in tumor volume and modulation of inflammatory cytokines.
  • Significant improvements in oxidative stress markers and suppression of hypoxia signaling proteins (HIF-1α, VEGF) were observed.
  • Increased apoptosis and DNA damage markers indicated enhanced radiosensitization.

Conclusions:

  • RGD-AuNPs-SAHA effectively remodeled the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in NSCLC.
  • The developed nanodrug attenuated oxidative stress and suppressed pro-tumorigenic signaling.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy to enhance radiosensitivity and improve radiation therapy outcomes for NSCLC.