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Long non-coding RNAs as key orchestrators of the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer

Xuechao Li1,2, Yifei Ren1,2, Hanming Hao1,3

  • 1Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the lung cancer tumor microenvironment (TME), influencing immune responses and therapy resistance. Targeting lncRNAs offers a promising strategy for precision lung cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators within the lung cancer tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • lncRNAs modulate immune cell functions, cytokine networks, and checkpoint signaling, contributing to an immunosuppressive and therapy-resistant TME.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the role of lncRNAs in mediating tumor cell and immune component interactions in lung cancer.
  • To highlight the dual role of lncRNAs as oncogenic drivers and microenvironmental suppressors.
  • To underscore the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on lncRNAs and the lung cancer TME.
  • Analysis of context-dependent functions of lncRNAs in tumor immunity and therapy resistance.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs significantly influence the immunosuppressive nature of the lung cancer TME.
  • lncRNAs play critical roles in conferring resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  • lncRNAs demonstrate potential as biomarkers for liquid biopsies in lung cancer management.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are crucial players in the lung cancer TME, impacting immune evasion and treatment outcomes.
  • Targeting specific lncRNAs presents a novel therapeutic avenue for precision lung cancer therapy.
Keywords:
biomarkerslong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)lung cancertherapy resistancetumor microenvironment (TME)

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