Exploring the Impact of Foods and Dietary Patterns on Melanoma Risk

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nutritional Science
• Dermatology

Background:

• Malignant melanoma is a significant public health concern, with ultraviolet (UV) radiation as the primary environmental risk factor.
• Emerging research highlights the potential role of dietary interventions in melanoma prevention, complementing traditional UV protection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize current scientific evidence on the association between various dietary patterns and the risk of developing malignant melanoma.
• To provide clinicians with evidence-based insights for dietary recommendations to patients regarding melanoma prevention.

Main Methods:

• This study conducted a narrative review of existing literature.
• The review consolidated findings from observational studies investigating dietary patterns and melanoma risk.

Main Results:

• Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets, anti-inflammatory foods, and coffee consumption are associated with potentially reduced melanoma risk.
• Conversely, alcohol consumption, Western dietary patterns, and potentially high citrus fruit intake are linked to an increased risk.
• The relationship between red/processed meats, fish intake, and specific nutrients (selenium, vitamins A-E, polyunsaturated fats, tea) with melanoma risk remains complex or inconclusive.

Conclusions:

• Dietary choices represent a modifiable factor in melanoma risk, alongside UV protection.
• Clinicians can leverage this evidence to advise patients on diet-based strategies for melanoma prevention.
• Further research is warranted to clarify the impact of specific nutrients and food types on melanoma development.