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Author Spotlight: Understanding and Detecting Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance by Combining Culture-Based Techniques and Genomics
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Tracking Age-Linked Antibiotic Resistance Patterns through Building-Level Wastewater Analysis.

Anna Pico-Tomàs1,2, Alejandro Sanchís1, Cristina Mejías-Molina3,4

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|December 18, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wastewater analysis reveals age-linked differences in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. School wastewater had the most resistance genes, while elderly care facilities showed the highest diversity, impacting public health strategies.

Keywords:
age-groupsantimicrobial resistance (AMR)mobilomepassive samplingresistomesewerswastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat.
  • Understanding AMR in diverse urban populations is crucial for effective surveillance.
  • Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) offers a method to monitor AMR in specific communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-specific variations in the resistome and mobilome using building-level WBE.
  • To compare bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) across different demographic settings.
  • To identify potential public health risks associated with AMR in urban populations.

Main Methods:

  • Building-level wastewater sampling from an elementary school, university residence, and elderly care facility.
  • Metagenomic sequencing to analyze bacterial communities, ARGs, and MGEs.
  • Statistical analysis to identify correlations between bacterial genera and ARGs.

Main Results:

  • Significant age-linked variations in ARG abundance and diversity were observed.
  • Wastewater from the elementary school showed the highest ARG abundance; the elderly care facility had the highest ARG diversity.
  • Bacterial pathogens were more prevalent in school and elderly care facility samples, and gut microbiota were primary reservoirs for ARGs.

Conclusions:

  • Localized WBE combined with metagenomics can reveal demographic-specific AMR patterns.
  • Findings provide actionable evidence for targeted AMR surveillance and intervention strategies.
  • The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.