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Lipidomics-Based Identification of Plasma Lipid Biomarkers in Tuberculosis-Coronary Artery Disease Comorbidity
Wenjing Zhao1, Pan Yan2, Yi Pei3,4
1The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
Insights
This study identifies three key lipids—CE(20:0), PC(14:0_20:4), and CE(18:0)—as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis-coronary artery disease comorbidity (TB-CAD). These findings aid in understanding TB-CAD pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Medicine
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in tuberculosis (TB) patients.
- Lipid metabolism disorders are common in patients with TB or coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Early diagnosis of tuberculosis-coronary artery disease comorbidity (TB-CAD) is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify specific lipid biomarkers for the early diagnosis of TB-CAD.
- To investigate differential lipid profiles in patients with TB, CAD, and TB-CAD.
- To explore metabolic pathways associated with TB-CAD.
Main Methods:
- Collected blood samples from TB, TB-CAD, CAD patients, and healthy controls (NC).
- Utilized broad-targeted lipidomics via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).
- Applied K-Means analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis.
Main Results:
- Decreased levels of sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids observed in TB-CAD patients.
- Identified 49 differential lipids distinguishing TB-CAD from other groups.
- Three lipids (CE(20:0), PC(14:0_20:4), CE(18:0)) showed potential as biomarkers with an integrated model achieving an AUC of 0.834.
Conclusions:
- Identified novel lipid biomarkers for early TB-CAD diagnosis.
- Established a foundation for further research into TB-CAD pathogenesis.
- Highlighted the role of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid metabolism in TB-CAD.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality among tuberculosis (TB) patients. Both patients with tuberculosis or coronary artery disease (CAD) commonly exhibit lipid metabolism disorders. This study aims to identify specific lipids to enable early diagnosis of tuberculosis-coronary artery disease comorbidity (TB-CAD).
Methods:
Blood samples were collected from hospitalized patients with TB, TB-CAD, or CAD, as well as normal healthy controls (NC), at the affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of University of South China between April 2024 and February 2025. A broad-targeted lipidomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify differential lipids.
Results:
The K-Means analysis showed sphingolipid, glycerolipid, and glycerophospholipid levels were decreased in patients with TB-CAD. A total of 49 differential lipids were identified to distinguish TB-CAD from the other groups. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed three lipids such as CE(20:0), PC(14:0_20:4) and CE(18:0) as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of TB-CAD. The integrated diagnostic model comprising these three lipids demonstrated favorable performance, achieving AUC, sensitivity, and specificity values of 0.834, 0.900, and 0.622, respectively. KEGG analysis showed the metabolism of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were considered pathways related to tuberculosis-coronary artery disease comorbidity.
Conclusion:
This study not only identified potential biomarkers for TB-CAD diagnosis but also provided a foundation for in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis underlying tuberculosis-coronary artery disease comorbidity.
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