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Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

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West Nile Virus Infections in Germany: Update 2022-2024.

Ruth Offergeld¹, Christina Frank¹, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit²

¹Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.

Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy : Offizielles Organ Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Fur Transfusionsmedizin Und Immunhamatologie

|December 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

West Nile virus (WNV) is spreading in Germany, with increased infections in animals and humans noted from 2022-2024. Surveillance and testing are crucial for public health and transfusion safety.

Keywords:

Epidemiology Transfusion safety West Nile virus

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Public Health
Virology

Background:

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus circulating in mosquitoes and birds, with humans as accidental hosts.
Autochthonous WNV infections have been reported in Germany since 2019, initially in Central-East regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated epidemiological overview of WNV in Germany between 2022 and 2024.
To assess the spread and impact of WNV on human and animal populations.

Main Methods:

Analysis of surveillance data and confirmatory testing for human and animal WNV cases in Germany.
Monitoring of WNV epidemiology from 2022 to 2024.

Main Results:

A gradual annual spread of WNV was observed since 2022, intensifying in 2024 with numerous animal infections in northwest Germany.
Eighty confirmed human WNV infections were identified between 2022-2024, primarily among blood donors.
Extensive annual screening of approximately 2.2 million blood donations contributes significantly to WNV surveillance.

Conclusions:

Distinguishing WNV from co-circulating flaviviruses like Usutu virus requires specific nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAT) or next-generation sequencing.
A comprehensive One Health approach integrating human and veterinary surveillance, including sequencing data, is essential for understanding the WNV epidemic.
Effective WNV surveillance is vital for ensuring transfusion safety and protecting public health in affected areas.