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Published on: June 16, 2014
Predictive Role of Hematological Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Collince Odiwuor Ogolla1, Lucy W Karani1, Stanslaus Musyoki2
1Department of Applied Health Science, School of Health Science, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.
Insights
Hematological biomarkers like hemoglobin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) can predict chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. These simple markers are valuable, especially in resource-limited settings.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hematology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health concern characterized by high morbidity.
- Hematological parameters show potential as predictive biomarkers for CKD progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the predictive capacity of various hematological parameters in adult patients diagnosed with CKD.
- To assess the association between specific hematological markers and the stage of chronic kidney disease.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 120 adult CKD patients.
- CKD staging performed according to KDIGO guidelines.
- Evaluation of hemoglobin, white blood cell count, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, NLR, platelet count, MCV, and RDW.
Main Results:
- Hemoglobin levels significantly decreased with advancing CKD stages (Stage 1 to Stage 5).
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Red cell distribution width (RDW) showed a significant progressive increase with CKD stage.
- Logistic regression identified hemoglobin, RDW, and NLR as independent predictors of advanced CKD.
Conclusions:
- Hematological biomarkers, particularly hemoglobin, NLR, and RDW, effectively predict CKD progression.
- These biomarkers offer a cost-effective method for assessing CKD advancement, especially in resource-limited environments.
Background:
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disorder of the body with high morbidity. Hematological biomarkers can predict CKD progression.
Objective:
This study examined the predictive role of hematological parameters among adult CKD patients.
Methods:
The records of 120 adult patients with CKD were retrieved. CKD staging was according to KDIGO guidelines. Hematological parameters were hemoglobin, WBC, percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes, NLR, platelet count, MCV, and RDW. Data were analyzed to assess associations between hematological markers and disease stage.
Results:
Mean age was 56.4 ± 13.2 years, with 56.7% being male. Prevalence was 65.0% for hypertension and 38.3% for diabetes mellitus. There was a significant decrease in hemoglobin with CKD stage (13.4 ± 1.1 g/dL in Stage 1 to 8.5 ± 1.7 g/dL in Stage 5, p < 0.001), while NLR and RDW increased progressively with CKD stage (NLR: 1.55 ± 0.48 to 4.12 ± 1.02; RDW: 13.1% ± 0.8% to 16.0% ± 1.6%, both p < 0.001). Anemia and raised NLR were more frequent in the advanced stages of CKD. Logistic regression analysis identified hemoglobin (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58-0.82, p < 0.001), RDW (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.33-2.39, p = 0.002), and NLR (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.35-2.72, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of advanced CKD. These simple and inexpensive biomarkers are particularly valuable in resource-limited settings.
Conclusion:
Hematological biomarkers, especially hemoglobin, NLR, and RDW, were effectively used to predict the progression of CKD.
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