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Ultrasensitive Test Systems Are Required to Quantify Interferon Alpha Protein in Serum Samples.

Liis Haljasmägi¹, Sandra Meisalu², Vincent Bondet³

¹Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

European Journal of Immunology

|December 18, 2025

Summary

Simoa digital ELISA offers high sensitivity for measuring interferon-alpha (IFNα) in serum. This method strongly correlates with interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) scores in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primarily driven by IFNα.

Keywords:

ELISA IFNα IFN‐stimulated genes SLE Simoa

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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Accurate measurement of interferon-alpha (IFNα) in serum is critical for understanding immune responses.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis involves type I interferons, but precise quantification remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the suitability of Simoa digital ELISA for sensitive IFNα quantification in serum.
To assess the correlation between serum IFNα levels and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

Utilized Simoa digital ELISA, a high-sensitivity assay, for serum IFNα measurement.
Correlated IFNα levels with transcript-based ISG scores in SLE samples.

Main Results:

Simoa digital ELISA demonstrated high sensitivity for detecting serum IFNα.
Serum IFNα levels showed a strong positive correlation with ISG scores in SLE.
IFNα was identified as the primary driver of ISG scores, with minimal contribution from IFNβ or IFNγ.

Conclusions:

Simoa digital ELISA is a highly sensitive and reliable method for measuring serum IFNα.
Circulating IFNα levels are a key determinant of the ISG signature in SLE.