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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
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Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Ordering-induced concentration effect: a mass transport boost for CO2 electroreduction.

Zequn Han1, Mengqian Li1, Peipei Li1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. qxchen@jiangnan.edu.cn.

Materials Horizons
|December 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ordered silver nanowire arrays enhance carbon dioxide electroreduction to carbon monoxide by regulating mass transport. This strategy improves selectivity, achieving 97.3% faradaic efficiency for CO production.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is crucial for environmental remediation and industrial applications.
  • The competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) significantly reduces selectivity and efficiency in CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance CO2RR selectivity by engineering catalyst structure from a mass transport perspective.
  • To investigate the role of ordered catalyst structures in regulating reactant and product kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) into ordered arrays.
  • Analysis of the induced micro electric field and its effect on mass transport of CO2 and water (H2O).
  • Electrochemical evaluation of CO2RR and HER performance.

Main Results:

  • Ordered Ag NW arrays created a micro electric field that promoted CO2 accumulation and repelled H2O.
  • This selective mass transport significantly favored CO2RR over HER.
  • Achieved 97.3% faradaic efficiency for CO at 100 mA cm-2, outperforming disordered Ag NWs.

Conclusions:

  • Structural ordering of catalysts, viewed through mass transport, is a novel strategy for enhancing CO2RR selectivity.
  • The findings provide fundamental insights into catalyst structure-performance relationships in CO2 electroreduction.