A Photoluminescent Polycarbazole-Polythiophene Nanosheets Bridging Biomolecular Sensing in Food Samples and Energy...

A polycarbazole-polythiophene (PCZ-PTh) copolymer was synthesized through chemical oxidative polymerization for the electrochemical sensing of tryptophan (TP). The synthesis approach was straightforward, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient. The copolymer was characterized comprehensively using various analytical techniques, confirming a well-defined semi-sheet-like morphology. When immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the copolymer significantly enhanced TP oxidation, demonstrating high sensitivity with detection and quantification limits of 0.125 μM, and the LOQ was 0.41 μM at neutral pH (7). The PCZ-PTh-modified GCE exhibited remarkable catalytic efficiency and analytical utility. Additionally, the PCZ-PTh/GCE displayed excellent reproducibility and selectivity for TP detection, even in complex environments containing dopamine, caffeine, and various metal ions, making it highly suitable for precise TP quantification in biological samples. The composite exhibited an improved specific capacitance of 173 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The superior electrochemical properties of PCZ-PTh-based super capacitors highlight their viability as a robust nanomaterial for advanced applications, offering substantial promise for high-energy-density systems and advancements in energy storage technologies.