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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Nondisjunction01:29

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Overview
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Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer
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Aneuploidy patterns in colorectal cancer.

Irene C Zaalberg1, Steven L C Ketelaars2, Henriette C Jodal3

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands.

Cell Reports
|December 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Aneuploidy, or abnormal chromosome numbers, drives colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Understanding these copy-number alterations across CRC subtypes is crucial for developing better models and treatments.

Keywords:
CP: cancerCP: genomicsadenomaaneuploidychromosomal instabilitycolorectal cancertumor evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancers (CRCs) exhibit consistent chromosome gains and losses, but their role in tumor development is not fully understood.
  • Developing accurate models of CRC requires knowledge of how aneuploidy changes during disease progression and differs among subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the aneuploidy landscape in colorectal cancer.
  • To provide a framework for understanding the evolution and variation of aneuploidy in CRC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis and meta-analysis of publicly available bulk sequencing data from colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.
  • Examination of associations between aneuploidy patterns and tumor subtype, stage, whole-genome doubling, TP53 status, and metastasis.

Main Results:

  • Aneuploidy patterns in CRC are context-dependent, varying with tumor subtype, stage, and other genomic features.
  • The review synthesizes data to map the aneuploidy landscape across CRC progression.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive framework of CRC aneuploidy is presented to guide future research.
  • Understanding aneuploidy's role is essential for unraveling its mechanistic and clinical implications in colorectal cancer.