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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
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Pathways of pain.

Amélie Joly1, Irene Miguel-Aliaga1

  • 1The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 18, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogen influences hormone-producing cells in the mouse gut, altering communication pathways to manage visceral pain responses. This hormonal cross-talk is key for pain regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Visceral pain involves complex interactions within the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Hormonal signaling, particularly estrogen, is implicated in pain modulation.
  • The specific mechanisms of estrogen's role in gut-related pain are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how estrogen affects the communication between hormone-secreting cells in the mouse gut.
  • To elucidate the role of this cellular cross-talk in the regulation of visceral pain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models to study gut endocrine cell function.
  • Employed techniques to assess cell-to-cell communication and hormonal signaling.
  • Analyzed the impact of estrogen manipulation on visceral pain behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen was found to modulate the cross-talk between specific gut hormone-secreting cell populations.
  • This estrogen-mediated cellular communication directly influences the pathways controlling visceral pain perception.
  • Changes in gut endocrine signaling correlated with altered pain sensitivity in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen plays a critical role in regulating visceral pain by tuning the communication networks of gut endocrine cells.
  • Targeting estrogen-dependent gut signaling pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for visceral pain conditions.