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Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
Published on: July 16, 2013
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Ca2+/calmodulin-driven functions mediated by extracellular vesicles: a physiopathological perspective
Juan Alcalde1, Ester Martín-Villar2, Martin W Berchtold3
1UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department at Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Rd, SE5 9RT, London, United Kingdom.
Cell Calcium
|December 18, 2025
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver calmodulin (CaM) and related RNAs, influencing cell communication and Ca2+ signaling. These EV-mediated CaM pathways are implicated in various diseases and explored for therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are key mediators of intercellular communication.
- EVs transfer various biomolecules, such as RNAs, lipids, and proteins, to recipient cells, regulating cellular functions.
- The Ca2+-sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) and related molecules are frequently found in EVs, suggesting a role in EV-mediated signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of exosomal Ca2+/CaM signaling systems in intercellular communication.
- To explore the involvement of these pathways in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, and cancer.
- To highlight the therapeutic potential of exosomes modulating Ca2+/CaM pathways.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on EVs, CaM, and Ca2+ signaling.
- Analysis of the role of EV-delivered CaM and RNAs in cellular functions and disease.
- Examination of studies investigating exosomes as therapeutic agents for Ca2+/CaM pathway modulation.
Main Results:
- Exosomal CaM and associated RNAs are crucial for regulating Ca2+ signaling in recipient cells.
- Dysregulation of Ca2+/CaM pathways mediated by EVs contributes to the pathophysiology of major diseases like cancer, heart, and nervous system disorders.
- EVs carrying Ca2+/CaM modulators show promise as potential therapeutic agents.
Conclusions:
- Exosomal Ca2+/CaM signaling is a significant mechanism of intercellular communication with implications in diverse diseases.
- Targeting EV-mediated Ca2+/CaM pathways presents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic strategies.
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