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Laccase stability and activity in diol-based deep eutectic solvents: An experimental and computational study
Madushmita Hatimuria1, Jyoti Vishwakarma2, Akshara Mohan1
1Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, Karnataka, 585367, India.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|December 18, 2025
Summary
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can enhance laccase enzyme activity and stability. Betaine-based DESs with specific polyol structures, like Betaine:1,2-Propanediol, show the most promise for sustainable biocatalysis.
Area of Science:
- Biocatalysis
- Green Chemistry
- Enzyme Engineering
Background:
- Laccase is a valuable oxidoreductase enzyme with broad industrial applications.
- Industrial conditions often compromise laccase activity and stability.
- Current methods to improve laccase performance can be complex and unsustainable.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of deep eutectic solvent (DES) structure on laccase activity and stability.
- To identify optimal DES formulations for enhancing laccase performance.
- To provide a framework for designing sustainable DES co-solvents for biocatalysis.
Main Methods:
- Synthesized and tested 15 betaine- and choline chloride-based DESs with varying diols.
- Evaluated laccase activity and thermal stability in different DESs.
- Utilized molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand interactions.
Main Results:
- Betaine-derived diol-based DESs significantly enhanced both laccase activity and stability.
- A 1:4 M ratio of DES components proved optimal for laccase activity.
- Betaine:1,2-Propanediol DES demonstrated superior performance compared to Betaine:1,3-Propanediol DES.
- Computational simulations confirmed stabilizing hydrogen bonds and maintained enzyme structure.
Conclusions:
- The structural features of polyols in DESs critically influence laccase modulation.
- Betaine-based DESs offer a sustainable approach to improve laccase biocatalysis.
- This study provides insights for rational design of DESs for industrial enzyme applications.
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