Multi-omic biomarkers in premature ovarian insufficiency

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), characterized by loss of ovarian function before age 40, poses a significant threat to female reproductive health. Early detection of POI biomarkers helps to improve the management of POI, which matters a great deal for patients' physical and mental health, family relationships and social progress. The latest advances in multi-omics technology provide unprecedented opportunities for identifying biomarkers associated with POI, offering new insights for its diagnosis and management. This article systematically reviews the categories of POI biomarkers, with particular attention to advances in multi-omics research. It highlights how these technologies elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying POI and examines potential biomarkers with predictive value for early diagnosis, disease-progression monitoring, and prognostic assessment, thereby providing references for more accurate and accessible diagnosis of POI.