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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
Published on: July 31, 2007
Natural born intelligence manifesto: Illustrating the dynamic perspective for consciousness
1Department of Intermedia Art and Science, School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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This study proposes a new operational framework for distinguishing Artificial Intelligence (AI) from Natural Born Intelligence (NBI) based on a two-layer structure of representational schemas. AI constructs mappings within a fixed input and representational space, characterized by optimization and generalization inside this closed structure. In contrast, NBI employs (1) the Co-Applicability of multiple concept-schemas (Level 1) and (2) the meta-level attenuation of their applicability conditions (Level 2) to non-monotonically transform the representational space itself. This transformation enables the emergence of new interpretive domains outside the original categories, which are closely related to creativity and phenomenal consciousness. The proposed framework provides a formal foundation for differentiating AI from human creative intelligence.
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