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Hammerhead: a compact 300 kV vacuum bushing.

Moein Borghei1, Madeline Vorenkamp2, Nicola van Moon2

  • 1Avalanche Energy, 9100 E Marginal Way S, Tukwila, WA, 98108, USA. mborghei@avalanche.energy.

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A new compact vacuum bushing, Hammerhead, achieves over 300 kV operation, significantly advancing high-voltage applications like particle accelerators. This design offers improved voltage holdoff without requiring extreme vacuum conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • High-voltage vacuum bushings are critical components in various scientific instruments and accelerators.
  • Current commercial bushings face limitations, typically operating below 100 kV.
  • Exceeding these voltage limits presents significant engineering challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, simulate, and experimentally validate a novel compact vacuum bushing capable of significantly higher voltage operation.
  • To develop a bushing that overcomes the limitations of existing technologies for high-voltage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Physics-informed design principles were applied to a coaxial electrode configuration.
  • A flashover-resistant ceramic insulator geometry was developed.
  • Simulations were performed, followed by experimental testing up to 330 kV.

Main Results:

  • The 'Hammerhead' bushing was successfully tested up to 330 kV and reliably operated at 300 kV.
  • It demonstrated nearly double the voltage holdoff per unit volume compared to state-of-the-art bushings.
  • Stable operation at 300 kV with low dark current (<10 μA) was confirmed over 144 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The Hammerhead bushing offers a significant advancement in high-voltage vacuum technology.
  • It provides a compact, robust solution that does not require ultra-high vacuum or specialized manufacturing processes.
  • This technology is suitable for direct integration with high-voltage coaxial cables, simplifying system design.