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Satellite Dirac cones in phononic crystals.

Han Liu¹, Yuxiang Xi¹, Gangqiao Shao¹

¹Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Nature Communications

|December 18, 2025

Summary

Researchers observed satellite Dirac cones in acoustic phononic crystals by simplifying graphene systems. This breakthrough enables new methods for wave manipulation and signal processing in topological materials.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Topological Materials
Wave Phenomena

Background:

Satellite Dirac cones in graphene are difficult to observe due to resolution limits, impeding studies on bulk-edge correspondence and transport.
Artificial structures offer a pathway to engineer classical wave systems mimicking exotic electronic phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally observe satellite Dirac cones in a simplified classical wave system.
To investigate the role of long-range couplings and on-site potentials in creating topological states.
To explore the transport properties of engineered valley interface states.

Main Methods:

Utilizing phononic crystals to emulate simplified graphene systems with third-nearest neighbor couplings.
Introducing on-site potentials to engineer satellite valleys and multiple valley interface states.
Analyzing acoustic edge states and their topological winding numbers.
Investigating anomalous forward transport in a four-channel splitter.

Main Results:

Experimental observation of satellite Dirac cones in acoustic phononic crystals.
Identification of acoustic edge states with non-trivial winding numbers.
Emergence of multiple valley interface states due to engineered potentials.
Demonstration of anomalous forward transport for valley interface states.

Conclusions:

The study provides a viable experimental platform for observing satellite Dirac cones and engineering topological properties using classical waves.
Findings offer a framework for creating multiple Dirac cones and valleys, advancing wave manipulation and signal processing in topological metamaterials.
This approach bridges classical and quantum topological phenomena, opening new research avenues.