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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage
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Cognitive aging clock based on Explainable artificial intelligence.

Mikhail I Krivonosov1,2, Tatiana A Khabarova3, Elena V Kondakova4,3

  • 1Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. krivonosov@itmm.unn.ru.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel cognitive aging clock using five tests to assess aging. The clock accurately predicts cognitive age, identifying accelerated aging in dementia patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Biological clocks estimate organismal physiological state concerning aging.
  • Age acceleration is linked to increased mortality and morbidity risks.
  • Existing clocks primarily focus on physiological aging, necessitating cognitive aging assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a cognitive aging clock using a machine learning model.
  • To identify key cognitive domains contributing to cognitive age estimation.
  • To investigate cognitive age acceleration in individuals with cognitive impairments.

Main Methods:

  • A battery of five cognitive tests was employed: sensomotor arithmetic, sensomotor mirror letter, 1-back, campimetry, and Stroop test.
  • A LightGBM machine learning model was developed to predict cognitive age.
  • SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis was utilized for model interpretation.

Main Results:

  • The cognitive aging clock achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 7.6 years.
  • SHAP analysis revealed dominant contributions from Stroop and campimetry tests to cognitive age.
  • Cognitive age was significantly accelerated in patients with dementia; a trend was observed in moderate cognitive impairment.
  • Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores showed a negative association with cognitive age deviation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cognitive aging clock provides a reliable measure of cognitive aging.
  • The Stroop and campimetry tests are critical indicators of cognitive age.
  • Cognitive aging acceleration is a significant feature in dementia, highlighting the clock's clinical relevance.