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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Mediterranean Tomato Landraces Exhibit Genotype-Specific Transcriptomic Responses to Water Stress.

Aina Juan-Cabot1, Laura Carrillo2, Mateu Fullana-Pericàs1

  • 1Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Research Institute (INAGEA) - Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions (PlantMed) - Dept. Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Complex Balear de Recerca, Desenvolupament Tecnològic i Innovació, Palma, Spain.

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|December 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Mediterranean tomato landraces show distinct drought adaptation strategies compared to commercial varieties. Their targeted molecular responses offer valuable genetic resources for enhancing drought resilience in future breeding programs.

Keywords:
Mediterranean landracesTomato (Solanum lycopersicum)abiotic stress signalingroot and leaf transcriptomicswater stress

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Drought stress significantly limits crop yields, especially in Mediterranean regions.
  • Understanding molecular drought adaptation is crucial for crop improvement.
  • Tomato landraces exhibit variable drought tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular basis of drought tolerance in tomato.
  • To compare transcriptomic responses of landraces and commercial varieties under water stress.
  • To identify distinct drought adaptation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing of leaf and root tissues from two landraces and two commercial tomato varieties.
  • Differential gene expression analysis under well-watered and water-stressed conditions.
  • Comparative analysis of transcriptomic responses across genotypes and tissues.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptomic response to water stress is largely genotype- and tissue-dependent.
  • Landraces display targeted transcriptional responses, activating drought- and stress-related pathways.
  • Commercial varieties show broader metabolic pathway regulation, including plant defense.
  • 'de Ramellet' landrace upregulates osmotic and heat stress genes in leaves.
  • 'Lucariello' landrace enhances root antioxidant defenses and salt transporters.

Conclusions:

  • Mediterranean tomato landraces possess unique molecular strategies for drought adaptation.
  • Landraces offer valuable genetic resources for improving tomato drought resilience.
  • Distinct tissue-specific responses highlight complex drought tolerance mechanisms.